Volume 12 Issue 1
Overview of the Main Disinfection Processes for Wastewater and Drinking Water Treatment Plants
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli, Alessandro Abbà, Ilaria Benigna, Sabrina Sorlini and Vincenzo Torretta
1Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy
2Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, via Branze 43, 25123 Brescia, Italy
3Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University of Varese, via G.B. Vico 46, 21100 Varese, Italy
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The use of water disinfection as a public health measure reduces the spread of diseases. Various disinfection technologies can be used to meet the pathogen inactivation demand in water. This work is an overview of the main disinfection technologies of wastewater and drinking water that reports for the conventional processes the action mechanism, the possible formation of by-products, the operative conditions, the advantages and disadvantages. For advanced and natural processes the action mechanisms are reported. Advanced technologies are interesting but are still in the research state, while conventional technologies are the most used. There is a tendency, especially in Italy, to use chlorine-based disinfectant, despite in some forms could lead to production of disinfection by-products.
Keywords:disinfection; toxicity; wastewater treatment; drinking water treatment