ABSTRACT
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has posed significant challenges to global public health, with considerable morbidity and mortality. Understanding epidemiological trends, associated risk factors, and long-term outcomes is essential for effective public health interventions and policy formulation.
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and long-term outcomes of HCV infection to provide insights into its epidemiological patterns and public health impact.
Methods: A comprehensive retrospective analysis was conducted using population-based data from healthcare records, national health databases, and public health surveillance systems over a 15-year period. Data on incidence rates, demographic factors, risk behaviors, comorbidities, and treatment outcomes were gathered and analyzed. Multivariate regression was applied to identify significant risk factors, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess long-term outcomes.
Results: The study revealed a fluctuating incidence of HCV over the study period, with peak incidence in specific high-risk demographics, including individuals with a history of intravenous drug use and those exposed to unsafe medical practices. Key risk factors identified included intravenous drug use, unsafe blood transfusions, and co-infections with other bloodborne pathogens. Long-term outcomes highlighted an elevated risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma among untreated individuals, with significantly improved survival rates observed in those who received antiviral therapy.
Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of targeted public health strategies, including harm reduction programs, safe medical practices, and increased access to antiviral treatment, to mitigate the burden of HCV. Comprehensive public health interventions aimed at high-risk populations could play a pivotal role in reducing HCV incidence and improving long-term health outcomes.
Keywords: Hepatitis C, Epidemiology, Public Health Impact, Incidence, Risk Factors, Long-Term Outcomes, Antiviral Therapy